An Even More Realistic (Non-Associative) Logic And Its Relation to Psychology of Human Reasoning
نویسندگان
چکیده
If we know the degrees of certainty (subjective probabilities) and in two statements and , then possible values of form an interval ! #"%$& '"( *),+". / 0 21 . As a numerical estimate, it is natural to use a midpoint of this interval; this midpoint is a mathematical expectation of over a uniform (second order) distribution on all possible probability distributions. This midpoint operation & is not associative. We show that the upper bound on the difference 3 4 5 76 8 3 59 : 76 is 1/9, so if the size of the corresponding granules is ; =< > , we will not notice this associativity. This may explain the famous ?A@CB law, according to which we use no more than 9 granules. 1. In Expert Systems, We Need Estimates for the Degree of Certainty of D 8E
منابع مشابه
Systematic literature review of fuzzy logic based text summarization
Information Overloadrq is not a new term but with the massive development in technology which enables anytime, anywhere, easy and unlimited access; participation & publishing of information has consequently escalated its impact. Assisting userslq informational searches with reduced reading surfing time by extracting and evaluating accurate, authentic & relevant information are the primary c...
متن کاملTemperament and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Prosocial Reasoning, Emotion Regulation, and Emotion Lability
Objective: Our study aims to examine the mediating role of prosocial moral reasoning, emotion regulation, and emotion lability in the relation between temperamental characteristics and prosocial behaviour. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 202 students were recruited through random multistage sampling method. The participants were interviewed about their prosocial moral reasonin...
متن کاملExtending Prolog with Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Nonmonotonic reasoning has been developed to capture common sense inferences. This paper considers nonmonotonic reasoning in logic programs with negation { its implementation using Prolog and its integration with Prolog execution. Even within logic programming frameworks, a variety of inferencing methods, model-theoretic semantics, and language features have been proposed for diierent forms of ...
متن کاملTowards more realistic (e.g., non-associative) "and"- and "or"-operations in fuzzy logic
How is fuzzy logic usually formalized? There are many seemingly reasonable requirements that a logic should satisfy: e.g., since A&B and B&A are the same, the corresponding and-operation should be commu-tative. Similarly, since A&A means the same as A, we should expect that the and-operation should also satisfy this property, etc. It turns out to be impossible to satisfy all these seemingly nat...
متن کاملSelf-Confidence in Psychology and Islamic Ethics: Towards an Interpretive Framework and Its Relation to Trust in God
This paper focuses on self-confidence in psychology in both conceptual and empirical ways and investigates the status of self-confidence in Islamic ethics. Five relevant approaches to self-confidence are identified and then comparatively studied in psychology and Islamic ethics. In addition, an attempt is made to present an appropriate framework to build, boost, and improve self-confidence thro...
متن کامل